Flying Magazine

JULY 22, 2025

Over the years we’ve flown a lot of aircraft with “aft-tending” centers of gravity—if you filled the seats, you were outside the aft CG limit, and the rear seats in six-place airplanes were unusable. The batteries provided so much cranking power that both cold and hot starts never even approached engine temperature limits.

Rudder

Pilot Institute

FEBRUARY 20, 2025

The rotational force thats needed to move an object about an axis is called torque. The simplest formula for torque is: Torque = F x L L is the distance between the object and the axis of rotation, also called the moment arm. This shifts the ailerons Center of Gravity (C.G.) With enough mass added, the C.G.

Aileron

Pilot Institute

APRIL 12, 2025

The complication with helicopters is that the main rotor is driven by an engine that applies a twisting force (torque) to spin it. This is called torque reaction, and if its left unchecked, the helicopter fuselage will spin in the opposite direction of the main rotor. These rotors create equal and opposite torques that cancel out.

Torque

Plane and Pilot

OCTOBER 3, 2024

But it was apparent the smallest Grumman flying boat was too small and full of quirks—the cabin door won’t open if the flaps are down, for example—to justify something approaching a direct copy. Another advantage of the counter-rotating props is the elimination of torque roll.

Airplanes