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What Is TCAS? A Comprehensive Guide to Traffic Collision Avoidance Systems

Pilot Institute

Newer glass cockpits may show this guidance as a flight director cue on the primary flight display (PFD) Aural Alerts: A synthesized voice will call out “ Traffic, traffic ” for a TA, and explicit instructions like “ Climb, climb ” or “ Descend, descend now! ” The colored bands appear on the VSI only during an RA.

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RNAV Approaches Simplified: A Guide for New Pilots

Pilot Institute

The minima table lists the DA and Height Above Threshold for each type of RNAV approach. These systems are common in commercial airplanes, but theyre starting to appear in newer general aviation airplanes too. Use your GPS and primary flight display to track your flight path.