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5 Most Common Aircraft Flap Types (Explained by a CFI)

Northstar VFR

When deployed, they increase the wings lift and drag, allowing the airplane to fly safely at slower speeds. When flaps extend, they increase the camber (curvature) of the wing, which boosts the amount of lift the wing generates. At the same time, flaps create extra drag, which helps slow the airplane down. How Do Flaps Work?

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Tailless Aircraft: How Airplanes Fly Without a Tail

Pilot Institute

This setup makes the wing less efficient overall, but it can reduce drag, weight, and cost compared to using a separate tail. High aspect ratio wings reduce drag and improve performance during climb or slow flight. On the flipside, a decrease in aspect ratio will result in higher drag. Short, wide wings have a low aspect ratio.

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What Is Bernoulli’s Principle? A Simple Guide for Pilots

Pilot Institute

Wing Camber Wing camber defines how much more curved the wings upper surface is compared to the lower surface. They adjust wing camber, thickness, and aspect ratio to balance lift, drag, and stall characteristics for different aircraft roles. Engineers try to design wings that maximize lift while minimizing drag.

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Mach Number Explained: What It Is and Why Pilots Use It

Pilot Institute

Lift, drag, and handling correlate well with IAS in the lower atmosphere. This type of wing redirects the shockwaves further aft on the wing, reducing drag. For most aircraft with highly cambered wings or thick profiles, airflow accelerates over the top of the wing. This is partly due to the steep rise in drag nearing M cr.

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Everything You Need To Know About Ailerons

Pilot Institute

The asymmetry between the top and bottom surface of the wing is called wing camber. The downward movement of the aileron increases the asymmetry and, therefore, the camber while raising the aileron reduces the wing camber. The problem is that the aileron can only be deflected to a point after which the drag becomes significant.

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The Role of Newton’s Third Law in Aviation

Pilot Institute

One is the upper wing surfaces curvature compared to the lower surface, called wing camber. High camber generally promotes more airflow deflection, thanks to something called Bernoullis Principle. However, its even possible to generate lift from a wing with symmetrical upper and lower surfaces, that is, without camber.

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The Most Misunderstood Aerodynamic Concepts

Flight Training Central

Looking at the curvature or camber of a typical general aviation wing, the top has more curvature and thus surface area than the bottom of the wing. Detrimental Drag Drag is the force that resists movement of an aircraft through the air. There are two basic types: parasite drag and induced drag.